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© Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga 2026.
 
Rai Valley Cottage

41 Opouri Road, RAI VALLEY

Public

Historic Place Category 1

List No. 329

Quick links:
List GalleryLocationDetails
The Rai Valley Cottage, situated in Carluke, Marlborough, was built in 1881 by the first people to settle in the isolated, bush-clad Rai Valley. Charles and Matilda Turner and their family lived in the cottage for over ten years before other people settled in the area, and today the Totara-slab cottage stands as a memorial to these pioneer founders of the community and a reminder of the lifestyle of colonists who opened up the bush-clad areas of New Zealand.

Charles Turner, born in 1839, immigrated to New Zealand from London with his family in 1861. After initially settling with the family on a farm in Maraetai (near Auckland), Charles moved south to the Pelorus Valley in Marlborough in 1867, and carved out a living as a bushman. Matilda, whom he had met in Maraetai, eventually joined him and the couple were married in 1870. When the Rai Valley was subdivided and offered for sale in 1881, Charles purchased Section 74 for £151 10s, and with his brother Arthur, set to work clearing the bush and constructing the simple gabled cottage with lean-to out of hand-split Totara slabs and pit sawn timber framing. The roof was shingled (presumably also with Totara), and a corrugated-iron chimney was constructed from river stones and exterior timber framing. By early May the house had been completed and Matilda and the children came up from the Pelorus Valley.

Life was initially difficult. The Rai Valley was a comparatively isolated district, and the Turner family were the sole occupants of this area for over ten years. Charles had to continue working as a bushman which necessitated a weekly trek to Pelorus Valley. During the week Matilda and the children cleared undergrowth to prepare for Charles' bush felling in the weekends. However, the family managed to establish a successful cattle farm on their land, and were also extraordinarily hospitable: daughter Jane Turner's diary records that in 1894 alone they hosted over 500 visitors. During this period, Jane's diary also mentions various alterations and additions to the original gabled cottage with lean-to: a cookhouse and bread oven to the northwest of the cottage, and an extra slab room that Charles had built as a quiet room in which to play his violin. A dairy and milking shed were also on the property by the mid 1890s.

By 1902 rapid social and environmental change had come to the Rai Valley in the form of improved access and development. The locality was named Carluke and a township with a school developed to accommodate the 100 or so employees of Brownlee's local sawmill. In 1909 Charles and Matilda's son Tim persuaded his parents to sell the Rai Valley Cottage and farm to Thomas and Catherine Blanchett and move away. Charles Turner died in Nelson in 1912, and Matilda died in 1928. By the time Catherine Blanchett sold the property to Malvina Simpson in January 1928, the original slab cottage had various additions and although still sound the Simpsons built a more modern weatherboard bungalow next door in 1930.They also introduced sheep to the property and the old cottage became a shearing shed and children's playhouse. Simpson sold to Woodrow Wilson in September 1937, who in turn converted the old cottage to a fowl house.

In 1965 Woodrow Wilson set aside the cottage on a small piece of land as a private historic reserve, and the building was restored by a group of Turner family descendants and other local enthusiasts in order to commemorate the early Rai Valley pioneering families. This project aimed to restore the building to its original configuration, which involved some reconstruction. From 1966-1969 the Rai Valley Pioneer Home Committee removed and replaced much of the original cladding with slabs from an old Totara slab barn and the roof (which at some point had been clad with corrugated iron) was repaired with new shingles. The fireplace was rebuilt and viewing bays installed, and original Turner furniture and ornaments along with many other period pieces from local people were returned to the cottage, and its interior was set up as a period museum. The restored cottage was opened with considerable ceremony and celebration in 1969. Over 300 people attended the opening ceremony, many of whom were descendants of the original settler families.

In December 1979 the New Zealand Historic Places Trust was granted control and management of the reserve which in turn was transferred in to public ownership as a Historic Reserve on 30 April 1980. The cottage has since remained open to the public, with a steady stream of international and New Zealand visitors each year. Although much of the original fabric has been replaced (repair work has been regularly carried out, including reshingling the roof, rebuilding the chimney and repairing wall-cladding) these have retained the authentic characteristics of the original building. It is the oldest surviving building in the Rai Valley area and its historic value is made more significant by the fact it was also the home of the area's first European settlers. It has very high social and commemorative value as a designated memorial to the pioneer founders of the community and as an illustration of their lifestyle. As one of the most publicly-accessible examples of a slab cottage the building possesses outstanding potential for public education, and this significance is enhanced by the wealth of contextual information available in the form of published historical research and the existence of the diary of original occupant Jane Turner.
Rai Valley Cottage. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 Image courtesy of www.flickr.com | Shellie Evans - flyingkiwigirl | 14/10/2014 | Shellie Evans
Rai Valley Cottage. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 Image courtesy of www.flickr.com | Shellie Evans - flyingkiwigirl | 14/10/2014 | Shellie Evans
Rai Valley Cottage. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 Image courtesy of www.flickr.com | Shellie Evans - flyingkiwigirl | 14/10/2014 | Shellie Evans
Rai Valley Cottage. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 Image courtesy of www.flickr.com | Shellie Evans – flyingkiwigirl | 14/10/2014 | Shellie Evans
Rai Valley Cottage. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 Image courtesy of www.flickr.com | Shellie Evans - flyingkiwigirl | 14/10/2014 | Shellie Evans
Rai Valley Cottage. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 Image courtesy of www.flickr.com | Shellie Evans - flyingkiwigirl | 14/10/2014 | Shellie Evans
Rai Valley Cottage. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 Image courtesy of www.flickr.com | Shellie Evans - flyingkiwigirl | 14/10/2014 | Shellie Evans
Rai Valley Cottage. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 Image courtesy of www.flickr.com | Shellie Evans – flyingkiwigirl | 14/10/2014 | Shellie Evans

List Entry Information

Overview

Status
Listed

List Entry Status
Historic Place Category 1

Access
Able to Visit

List Number
329

Date Entered
28th June 1990

Date of Effect
28th June 1990

City/District Council
Marlborough District

Region
Marlborough Region

Extent of List Entry

Extent includes the land described as Lot 1 DP 4745 (RT MB3B/673), Marlborough Land District and the building known as Rai Valley Cottage thereon, and its fittings and fixtures. Refer to the extent diagram tabled at the Rārangi Kōrero Committee on 31 July 2025.

Legal description

Lot 1 DP 4745 (RT MB3B/673), Marlborough Land District

Location Description

The cottage is situated in a paddock adjacent to number 41 Opouri Road, Carluke.

Detailed List Entry
Significance

Cultural Significance

SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE OR VALUE: This place was registered under previous legislation and this current assessment was completed based on the criteria under section 23 (1) and (2) of the HPA 1993 but the assessment has not been approved by the Board as part of a formal review process. The Rai Valley Cottage has considerable social significance to the local community. As a designated memorial to the pioneer settlers of the district, the cottage relates directly through family ties to many members of the local community. Its high social value is evident in the initiation of the restoration project and substantial efforts by the Rai Valley Pioneer Home Valley Committee, many of whom donated months of their time as well as treasured heirlooms for the interior furnishings, with the specific aim of sharing this aspect of their heritage. The strong esteem that the cottage is held in was demonstrated by the high attendance numbers at the opening ceremony (over 300 people), as well as by the continued interest of visitors from all over the world (approximately 600 people visit per year).

Historic Significance

Historical Significance or Value This place was registered under previous legislation and this current assessment was completed based on the criteria under section 23 (1) and (2) of the HPA 1993 but the assessment has not been approved by the Board as part of a formal review process. The Rai Valley Cottage is the earliest surviving European structure in the Rai Valley and its historical significance is enhanced by the fact it was also the home of the first settlement family, who founded the Rai Valley community. The Turners endured the typical hardships of pioneer life and lived in the house for ten years in comparative isolation, and their descendants are still prominent in the area. Although the construction date of the cottage is comparatively later than other slab houses typical of this design, the design of the Rai Valley Cottage results from the relative inaccessibility and isolation of its location. This cottage is therefore still significant for its illustration of pioneer life and settlement in bush-clad areas of New Zealand, and is one of the few available for the public to visit (other registered examples are on private land).

Physical Significance

ARCHITECTURAL SIGNIFICANCE OR VALUE: This place was registered under previous legislation and this current assessment was completed based on the criteria under section 23 (1) and (2) of the HPA 1993 but the assessment has not been approved by the Board as part of a formal review process. The gabled rectangular form of the Rai Valley Pioneer Cottage is an example of a once common kind of cottage constructed by settlers in forested areas throughout New Zealand. It illustrates the practice of adapting the dwelling to suit the materials and limited technology available. The pit sawn framing, fireplace of river boulders, and split Totara-slab technique are all good examples of features adopted by pioneer settlers. Although much of the original fabric has been replaced the hand-made aesthetic and integrity of the original cottage has been retained. The restoration has been faithful to the original characteristics of the building and is largely responsible for the continued existence and preservation of the structure. The low ceiling height and narrow room-width strongly communicates the confined living conditions of early settlers.

Detail Of Assessed Criteria

This place was registered under previous legislation and this current assessment was completed based on the criteria under section 23 (1) and (2) of the HPA 1993 but the assessment has not been approved by the Board as part of a formal review process. (a) The extent to which the place reflects important or representative aspects of New Zealand history: The Rai Valley Cottage is a representative example of a method of construction commonly used by early settlers in New Zealand. Its Totara-slab construction technique illustrates early settlers' typical adaptation to local conditions, using the abundance of available materials (timber) and a technique suitable to the relative isolation and inaccessibility of much of New Zealand's landscape. (e) The community association with or public esteem for the place: The cottage is held in very high regard by the local community, demonstrated by its donation as a historic reserve by Woodrow Wilson, the considerable effort the Rai Valley Pioneer Home Committee undertook to restore the building in the 1960s, and the high attendance numbers at the opening ceremony. The continued public esteem of the place is demonstrated by the steady number of visitors to the cottage, who travel from all over the world to visit this relatively out-of-the-way location. The community association with the building is also evidential in the activities of NZHPT Marlborough Branch Committee members, who voluntarily carry out some maintenance on the building and provide the funding for an honorary caretaker for the cottage. (f) The potential of the place for public education: The Rai Valley Cottage is the only registered example of its kind that is owned by the NZHPT and is open to the public (other slab cottages are on private land). The viewing bays provide ready access enabling visitors to view the interior of the cottage as well as the exterior, and there is a wealth of supporting contextual information available in the form of the diary of former occupant Jane Turner and additional published research. Therefore the place has strong potential for public education. (h) The symbolic or commemorative value of the place: The cottage has significant symbolic or commemorative value as it was restored by members of the local community with the specific intention to act as a memorial, not only to the original inhabitants but also the other early pioneer families who founded the close-knit Rai Valley community. Many of the community members are descendants of these early families, and donated family heirlooms to furnish the interior of the cottage. (i) The importance of identifying historic places known to date from early periods of New Zealand settlement: The Rai Valley Cottage is the oldest surviving building in the Rai Valley area, and is also the first building that was built in the area. It has significant value as an extant reminder of the settlers who founded the Rai Valley community and the lifestyle of early New Zealand colonists. (j) The importance of identifying rare types of historic places: The Rai Valley Cottage is one of a handful of comparative slab cottages left in New Zealand, and is a rare surviving example of a once-common dwelling-type of the pioneer settlers. Although much of the original fabric has been replaced the restoration and reconstruction are faithful to the original technique and materials, and are responsible for the continued existence of the structure. It contains sufficient characteristic features to demonstrate it is an authentic representative of the pioneer settler period. The cottage is the earliest surviving building in the Rai Valley area. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANCE OR VALUES: This place was assessed against, and found to qualify under the following criteria: a, e, f, h, i, j. CONCLUSION: It is considered that this place qualifies as a Category I historic place. The Rai Valley Cottage has significant value as a memorial to the lifestyle of colonists who opened up the bush-clad areas of New Zealand, and of the founders of the Rai Valley community. It is the oldest surviving building in the Rai Valley area, and was also the first to be built there. Architecturally, it is a representative example of a method of construction commonly used by early settlers in New Zealand. Its Totara-slab construction technique illustrates colonists' typical adaptation to local conditions, using the abundance of available materials and a technique suitable to the relative isolation and inaccessibility of much of New Zealand's landscape. Although most of the original fabric has been replaced the reconstruction and repairs have remained faithful to the original characteristics of the building and are responsible for the survival of the structure, and are of a comparative extent to that of other registered slab cottages. As one of the most publicly-accessible examples of a slab-cottage the building possesses outstanding potential for public education, and this significance is enhanced by the wealth of contextual information available in the form of published historical research and the existence of the diary of original occupant Jane Turner, and other family letters further illustrating the lifestyle of those who lived in the cottage. The Rai Valley Cottage has very high symbolic and commemorative value as a designated memorial to the founding families of the Rai Valley community. The very high public esteem the place is held in is demonstrated by the extensive efforts of the Rai Valley Pioneer Committee in their restoration of the building with the specific aim of sharing this aspect of their heritage, and the continued steady stream of visitors from all over the world.

Construction Professional

Name

Turner, Charles

Type

Builder

Biography

Builder of Rai Valley Cottage, Carluke, Marlborough

Name

Turner, Arthur

Type

Builder

Biography

Builder of Rai Valley Cottage, Carluke, Marlborough.

Construction Details

Start Year

1986

Type

Modification

Description

Roof reshingled for second time

Start Year

1993

Finish Year

1994

Type

Other

Description

Roof shingles repaired, ridge capping board replaced

Start Year

1996

Type

Other

Description

Chimney repaired using existing corrugated iron and new treated timber

Start Year

1999

Type

Other

Description

Repair of chimney by Bernie Hadfield

Start Year

2004

Type

Other

Description

Boards and battens on doors and cladding repaired using store of old totara slabs, gutter re-hung, galvanised flashings installed around all windows, some new window facings installed using store of old totara slabs.

Start Year

1881

Type

Other

Description

February, Charles buys section 74 at the Rai Valley of 50 acres.

Start Year

1881

Type

Original Construction

Description

May 5th, cottage complete and Turner family move in.

Start Year

1902

Type

Modification

Description

Cottage reshingled

Type

Addition

Description

Additions, including gabled lean-to on south wall

Type

Modification

Description

Roof shingles replaced with corrugated iron

Type

Modification

Description

Lean-to on south wall demolished

Start Year

1966

Finish Year

1969

Type

Modification

Description

1966-1969 Restoration of cottage (which had been used as a shearing shed, playhouse and fowl house), and conversion to a period museum.

Start Year

1966

Finish Year

1969

Type

Modification

Description

Lean-to on south wall rebuilt, wall slabs replaced, corrugated iron removed from roof and replaced with totara shingles, fireplace rebuilt, linoleum laid, viewing-bays and wallpaper installed

Start Year

1981

Type

Other

Description

Chimney rebuilt after collapsing

Construction Materials

Pit sawn local timber for framing, sarking and roof shingles Local Totara slabs for exterior cladding

Notable Features

Pit sawn timber frame and split Totara slab sheathing.

Reference

Completion Date

5th June 2008

Report Written By

Blyss Wagstaff and Steve Bagley

Information Sources

Alexander Turnbull Library

Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington

Leov, 1970

L C F Leov, As the Years Went By Between Greville and the Rai. Blenheim: Express Printing Works, 1970

Neal, nd

Pearl Neal. From London to Lonely Rai, Nelson: RW Stiles and Co Ltd, undated.

New Zealand Historic Places Trust (NZHPT)

New Zealand Historic Places Trust

North Otago Times

North Otago Times

Philipson, 1995

G A Philipson, The Northern South Island, Wellington: Waitangi Tribunal, 1995

Salmond, 1986

Jeremy Salmond, Old New Zealand Houses 1800-1940, Auckland, 1986, Reed Methuen

Conservation Plan

Conservation Plan

Report Written By

This place was identified as significant under previous legislation with different information requirements. It remains significant under the current legislation. There is opportunity under our legislation and policies to add to this information. Further information about this place may be available from the Central Regional Office of Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga. A fully referenced registration report is available from the NZHPT Central Region office Please note that entry on the New Zealand Heritage List/Rarangi Korero identifies only the heritage values of the property concerned, and should not be construed as advice on the state of the property, or as a comment of its soundness or safety, including in regard to earthquake risk, safety in the event of fire, or insanitary conditions.

Further Information

Current Usages

Uses: Civic Facilities

Specific Usage: Historic or recreation reserve

Uses: Civic Facilities

Specific Usage: Historic Property

Former Usages

General Usage:: Accommodation

Specific Usage: House

General Usage:: Agriculture

Specific Usage: Henhouse

General Usage:: Agriculture

Specific Usage: Woolshed/Shearing Shed

Themes

Web Links

Overview

Status

Listed

List Entry Status

Historic Place Category 1

Access

Able to Visit

List Number

329

Date Entered

28th June 1990

Date of Effect

28th June 1990

City/District Council

Marlborough District

Region

Marlborough Region

Extent of List Entry

Extent includes the land described as Lot 1 DP 4745 (RT MB3B/673), Marlborough Land District and the building known as Rai Valley Cottage thereon, and its fittings and fixtures. Refer to the extent diagram tabled at the Rārangi Kōrero Committee on 31 July 2025.

Legal description

Lot 1 DP 4745 (RT MB3B/673), Marlborough Land District

Location Description

The cottage is situated in a paddock adjacent to number 41 Opouri Road, Carluke.

Status

Listed

List Entry Status

Historic Place Category 1

Access

Able to Visit

List Number

329

Date Entered

28th June 1990

Date of Effect

28th June 1990

City/District Council

Marlborough District

Region

Marlborough Region

Extent of List Entry

Extent includes the land described as Lot 1 DP 4745 (RT MB3B/673), Marlborough Land District and the building known as Rai Valley Cottage thereon, and its fittings and fixtures. Refer to the extent diagram tabled at the Rārangi Kōrero Committee on 31 July 2025.

Legal description

Lot 1 DP 4745 (RT MB3B/673), Marlborough Land District

Location Description

The cottage is situated in a paddock adjacent to number 41 Opouri Road, Carluke.

Significance

Why is this place significant?

Cultural Significance

SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE OR VALUE: This place was registered under previous legislation and this current assessment was completed based on the criteria under section 23 (1) and (2) of the HPA 1993 but the assessment has not been approved by the Board as part of a formal review process. The Rai Valley Cottage has considerable social significance to the local community. As a designated memorial to the pioneer settlers of the district, the cottage relates directly through family ties to many members of the local community. Its high social value is evident in the initiation of the restoration project and substantial efforts by the Rai Valley Pioneer Home Valley Committee, many of whom donated months of their time as well as treasured heirlooms for the interior furnishings, with the specific aim of sharing this aspect of their heritage. The strong esteem that the cottage is held in was demonstrated by the high attendance numbers at the opening ceremony (over 300 people), as well as by the continued interest of visitors from all over the world (approximately 600 people visit per year).

Historic Significance

Historical Significance or Value This place was registered under previous legislation and this current assessment was completed based on the criteria under section 23 (1) and (2) of the HPA 1993 but the assessment has not been approved by the Board as part of a formal review process. The Rai Valley Cottage is the earliest surviving European structure in the Rai Valley and its historical significance is enhanced by the fact it was also the home of the first settlement family, who founded the Rai Valley community. The Turners endured the typical hardships of pioneer life and lived in the house for ten years in comparative isolation, and their descendants are still prominent in the area. Although the construction date of the cottage is comparatively later than other slab houses typical of this design, the design of the Rai Valley Cottage results from the relative inaccessibility and isolation of its location. This cottage is therefore still significant for its illustration of pioneer life and settlement in bush-clad areas of New Zealand, and is one of the few available for the public to visit (other registered examples are on private land).

Physical Significance

ARCHITECTURAL SIGNIFICANCE OR VALUE: This place was registered under previous legislation and this current assessment was completed based on the criteria under section 23 (1) and (2) of the HPA 1993 but the assessment has not been approved by the Board as part of a formal review process. The gabled rectangular form of the Rai Valley Pioneer Cottage is an example of a once common kind of cottage constructed by settlers in forested areas throughout New Zealand. It illustrates the practice of adapting the dwelling to suit the materials and limited technology available. The pit sawn framing, fireplace of river boulders, and split Totara-slab technique are all good examples of features adopted by pioneer settlers. Although much of the original fabric has been replaced the hand-made aesthetic and integrity of the original cottage has been retained. The restoration has been faithful to the original characteristics of the building and is largely responsible for the continued existence and preservation of the structure. The low ceiling height and narrow room-width strongly communicates the confined living conditions of early settlers.

Why is this place Category 1 / Category 2?

Detail Of Assessed Criteria

This place was registered under previous legislation and this current assessment was completed based on the criteria under section 23 (1) and (2) of the HPA 1993 but the assessment has not been approved by the Board as part of a formal review process. (a) The extent to which the place reflects important or representative aspects of New Zealand history: The Rai Valley Cottage is a representative example of a method of construction commonly used by early settlers in New Zealand. Its Totara-slab construction technique illustrates early settlers' typical adaptation to local conditions, using the abundance of available materials (timber) and a technique suitable to the relative isolation and inaccessibility of much of New Zealand's landscape. (e) The community association with or public esteem for the place: The cottage is held in very high regard by the local community, demonstrated by its donation as a historic reserve by Woodrow Wilson, the considerable effort the Rai Valley Pioneer Home Committee undertook to restore the building in the 1960s, and the high attendance numbers at the opening ceremony. The continued public esteem of the place is demonstrated by the steady number of visitors to the cottage, who travel from all over the world to visit this relatively out-of-the-way location. The community association with the building is also evidential in the activities of NZHPT Marlborough Branch Committee members, who voluntarily carry out some maintenance on the building and provide the funding for an honorary caretaker for the cottage. (f) The potential of the place for public education: The Rai Valley Cottage is the only registered example of its kind that is owned by the NZHPT and is open to the public (other slab cottages are on private land). The viewing bays provide ready access enabling visitors to view the interior of the cottage as well as the exterior, and there is a wealth of supporting contextual information available in the form of the diary of former occupant Jane Turner and additional published research. Therefore the place has strong potential for public education. (h) The symbolic or commemorative value of the place: The cottage has significant symbolic or commemorative value as it was restored by members of the local community with the specific intention to act as a memorial, not only to the original inhabitants but also the other early pioneer families who founded the close-knit Rai Valley community. Many of the community members are descendants of these early families, and donated family heirlooms to furnish the interior of the cottage. (i) The importance of identifying historic places known to date from early periods of New Zealand settlement: The Rai Valley Cottage is the oldest surviving building in the Rai Valley area, and is also the first building that was built in the area. It has significant value as an extant reminder of the settlers who founded the Rai Valley community and the lifestyle of early New Zealand colonists. (j) The importance of identifying rare types of historic places: The Rai Valley Cottage is one of a handful of comparative slab cottages left in New Zealand, and is a rare surviving example of a once-common dwelling-type of the pioneer settlers. Although much of the original fabric has been replaced the restoration and reconstruction are faithful to the original technique and materials, and are responsible for the continued existence of the structure. It contains sufficient characteristic features to demonstrate it is an authentic representative of the pioneer settler period. The cottage is the earliest surviving building in the Rai Valley area. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANCE OR VALUES: This place was assessed against, and found to qualify under the following criteria: a, e, f, h, i, j. CONCLUSION: It is considered that this place qualifies as a Category I historic place. The Rai Valley Cottage has significant value as a memorial to the lifestyle of colonists who opened up the bush-clad areas of New Zealand, and of the founders of the Rai Valley community. It is the oldest surviving building in the Rai Valley area, and was also the first to be built there. Architecturally, it is a representative example of a method of construction commonly used by early settlers in New Zealand. Its Totara-slab construction technique illustrates colonists' typical adaptation to local conditions, using the abundance of available materials and a technique suitable to the relative isolation and inaccessibility of much of New Zealand's landscape. Although most of the original fabric has been replaced the reconstruction and repairs have remained faithful to the original characteristics of the building and are responsible for the survival of the structure, and are of a comparative extent to that of other registered slab cottages. As one of the most publicly-accessible examples of a slab-cottage the building possesses outstanding potential for public education, and this significance is enhanced by the wealth of contextual information available in the form of published historical research and the existence of the diary of original occupant Jane Turner, and other family letters further illustrating the lifestyle of those who lived in the cottage. The Rai Valley Cottage has very high symbolic and commemorative value as a designated memorial to the founding families of the Rai Valley community. The very high public esteem the place is held in is demonstrated by the extensive efforts of the Rai Valley Pioneer Committee in their restoration of the building with the specific aim of sharing this aspect of their heritage, and the continued steady stream of visitors from all over the world.

Why is this place significant?

Cultural Significance

SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE OR VALUE: This place was registered under previous legislation and this current assessment was completed based on the criteria under section 23 (1) and (2) of the HPA 1993 but the assessment has not been approved by the Board as part of a formal review process. The Rai Valley Cottage has considerable social significance to the local community. As a designated memorial to the pioneer settlers of the district, the cottage relates directly through family ties to many members of the local community. Its high social value is evident in the initiation of the restoration project and substantial efforts by the Rai Valley Pioneer Home Valley Committee, many of whom donated months of their time as well as treasured heirlooms for the interior furnishings, with the specific aim of sharing this aspect of their heritage. The strong esteem that the cottage is held in was demonstrated by the high attendance numbers at the opening ceremony (over 300 people), as well as by the continued interest of visitors from all over the world (approximately 600 people visit per year).

Historic Significance

Historical Significance or Value This place was registered under previous legislation and this current assessment was completed based on the criteria under section 23 (1) and (2) of the HPA 1993 but the assessment has not been approved by the Board as part of a formal review process. The Rai Valley Cottage is the earliest surviving European structure in the Rai Valley and its historical significance is enhanced by the fact it was also the home of the first settlement family, who founded the Rai Valley community. The Turners endured the typical hardships of pioneer life and lived in the house for ten years in comparative isolation, and their descendants are still prominent in the area. Although the construction date of the cottage is comparatively later than other slab houses typical of this design, the design of the Rai Valley Cottage results from the relative inaccessibility and isolation of its location. This cottage is therefore still significant for its illustration of pioneer life and settlement in bush-clad areas of New Zealand, and is one of the few available for the public to visit (other registered examples are on private land).

Physical Significance

ARCHITECTURAL SIGNIFICANCE OR VALUE: This place was registered under previous legislation and this current assessment was completed based on the criteria under section 23 (1) and (2) of the HPA 1993 but the assessment has not been approved by the Board as part of a formal review process. The gabled rectangular form of the Rai Valley Pioneer Cottage is an example of a once common kind of cottage constructed by settlers in forested areas throughout New Zealand. It illustrates the practice of adapting the dwelling to suit the materials and limited technology available. The pit sawn framing, fireplace of river boulders, and split Totara-slab technique are all good examples of features adopted by pioneer settlers. Although much of the original fabric has been replaced the hand-made aesthetic and integrity of the original cottage has been retained. The restoration has been faithful to the original characteristics of the building and is largely responsible for the continued existence and preservation of the structure. The low ceiling height and narrow room-width strongly communicates the confined living conditions of early settlers.

Why is this place Category 1 / Category 2?

Detail Of Assessed Criteria

This place was registered under previous legislation and this current assessment was completed based on the criteria under section 23 (1) and (2) of the HPA 1993 but the assessment has not been approved by the Board as part of a formal review process. (a) The extent to which the place reflects important or representative aspects of New Zealand history: The Rai Valley Cottage is a representative example of a method of construction commonly used by early settlers in New Zealand. Its Totara-slab construction technique illustrates early settlers' typical adaptation to local conditions, using the abundance of available materials (timber) and a technique suitable to the relative isolation and inaccessibility of much of New Zealand's landscape. (e) The community association with or public esteem for the place: The cottage is held in very high regard by the local community, demonstrated by its donation as a historic reserve by Woodrow Wilson, the considerable effort the Rai Valley Pioneer Home Committee undertook to restore the building in the 1960s, and the high attendance numbers at the opening ceremony. The continued public esteem of the place is demonstrated by the steady number of visitors to the cottage, who travel from all over the world to visit this relatively out-of-the-way location. The community association with the building is also evidential in the activities of NZHPT Marlborough Branch Committee members, who voluntarily carry out some maintenance on the building and provide the funding for an honorary caretaker for the cottage. (f) The potential of the place for public education: The Rai Valley Cottage is the only registered example of its kind that is owned by the NZHPT and is open to the public (other slab cottages are on private land). The viewing bays provide ready access enabling visitors to view the interior of the cottage as well as the exterior, and there is a wealth of supporting contextual information available in the form of the diary of former occupant Jane Turner and additional published research. Therefore the place has strong potential for public education. (h) The symbolic or commemorative value of the place: The cottage has significant symbolic or commemorative value as it was restored by members of the local community with the specific intention to act as a memorial, not only to the original inhabitants but also the other early pioneer families who founded the close-knit Rai Valley community. Many of the community members are descendants of these early families, and donated family heirlooms to furnish the interior of the cottage. (i) The importance of identifying historic places known to date from early periods of New Zealand settlement: The Rai Valley Cottage is the oldest surviving building in the Rai Valley area, and is also the first building that was built in the area. It has significant value as an extant reminder of the settlers who founded the Rai Valley community and the lifestyle of early New Zealand colonists. (j) The importance of identifying rare types of historic places: The Rai Valley Cottage is one of a handful of comparative slab cottages left in New Zealand, and is a rare surviving example of a once-common dwelling-type of the pioneer settlers. Although much of the original fabric has been replaced the restoration and reconstruction are faithful to the original technique and materials, and are responsible for the continued existence of the structure. It contains sufficient characteristic features to demonstrate it is an authentic representative of the pioneer settler period. The cottage is the earliest surviving building in the Rai Valley area. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANCE OR VALUES: This place was assessed against, and found to qualify under the following criteria: a, e, f, h, i, j. CONCLUSION: It is considered that this place qualifies as a Category I historic place. The Rai Valley Cottage has significant value as a memorial to the lifestyle of colonists who opened up the bush-clad areas of New Zealand, and of the founders of the Rai Valley community. It is the oldest surviving building in the Rai Valley area, and was also the first to be built there. Architecturally, it is a representative example of a method of construction commonly used by early settlers in New Zealand. Its Totara-slab construction technique illustrates colonists' typical adaptation to local conditions, using the abundance of available materials and a technique suitable to the relative isolation and inaccessibility of much of New Zealand's landscape. Although most of the original fabric has been replaced the reconstruction and repairs have remained faithful to the original characteristics of the building and are responsible for the survival of the structure, and are of a comparative extent to that of other registered slab cottages. As one of the most publicly-accessible examples of a slab-cottage the building possesses outstanding potential for public education, and this significance is enhanced by the wealth of contextual information available in the form of published historical research and the existence of the diary of original occupant Jane Turner, and other family letters further illustrating the lifestyle of those who lived in the cottage. The Rai Valley Cottage has very high symbolic and commemorative value as a designated memorial to the founding families of the Rai Valley community. The very high public esteem the place is held in is demonstrated by the extensive efforts of the Rai Valley Pioneer Committee in their restoration of the building with the specific aim of sharing this aspect of their heritage, and the continued steady stream of visitors from all over the world.

Construction Information

Construction Professional

Name

Turner, Charles

Type

Builder

Biography

Builder of Rai Valley Cottage, Carluke, Marlborough

Name

Turner, Arthur

Type

Builder

Biography

Builder of Rai Valley Cottage, Carluke, Marlborough.

Construction Details

Start Year

1986

Type

Modification

Description

Roof reshingled for second time

Start Year

1993

startYearCirca

Finish Year

1994

finishYearCirca

Type

Other

Description

Roof shingles repaired, ridge capping board replaced

Start Year

1996

Type

Other

Description

Chimney repaired using existing corrugated iron and new treated timber

Start Year

1999

Type

Other

Description

Repair of chimney by Bernie Hadfield

Start Year

2004

Type

Other

Description

Boards and battens on doors and cladding repaired using store of old totara slabs, gutter re-hung, galvanised flashings installed around all windows, some new window facings installed using store of old totara slabs.

Start Year

1881

Type

Other

Description

February, Charles buys section 74 at the Rai Valley of 50 acres.

Start Year

1881

Type

Original Construction

Description

May 5th, cottage complete and Turner family move in.

Start Year

1902

Type

Modification

Description

Cottage reshingled

Type

Addition

Description

Additions, including gabled lean-to on south wall

Type

Modification

Description

Roof shingles replaced with corrugated iron

Type

Modification

Description

Lean-to on south wall demolished

Start Year

1966

Finish Year

1969

Type

Modification

Description

1966-1969 Restoration of cottage (which had been used as a shearing shed, playhouse and fowl house), and conversion to a period museum.

Start Year

1966

Finish Year

1969

Type

Modification

Description

Lean-to on south wall rebuilt, wall slabs replaced, corrugated iron removed from roof and replaced with totara shingles, fireplace rebuilt, linoleum laid, viewing-bays and wallpaper installed

Start Year

1981

Type

Other

Description

Chimney rebuilt after collapsing

Construction Materials

Pit sawn local timber for framing, sarking and roof shingles Local Totara slabs for exterior cladding

Notable Features

Pit sawn timber frame and split Totara slab sheathing.

Construction Professional

Name

Turner, Charles

Type

Builder

Biography

Builder of Rai Valley Cottage, Carluke, Marlborough

Name

Turner, Arthur

Type

Builder

Biography

Builder of Rai Valley Cottage, Carluke, Marlborough.

Construction Details

Start Year

1986

Type

Modification

Description

Roof reshingled for second time

Start Year

1993

startYearCirca

Finish Year

1994

finishYearCirca

Type

Other

Description

Roof shingles repaired, ridge capping board replaced

Start Year

1996

Type

Other

Description

Chimney repaired using existing corrugated iron and new treated timber

Start Year

1999

Type

Other

Description

Repair of chimney by Bernie Hadfield

Start Year

2004

Type

Other

Description

Boards and battens on doors and cladding repaired using store of old totara slabs, gutter re-hung, galvanised flashings installed around all windows, some new window facings installed using store of old totara slabs.

Start Year

1881

Type

Other

Description

February, Charles buys section 74 at the Rai Valley of 50 acres.

Start Year

1881

Type

Original Construction

Description

May 5th, cottage complete and Turner family move in.

Start Year

1902

Type

Modification

Description

Cottage reshingled

Type

Addition

Description

Additions, including gabled lean-to on south wall

Type

Modification

Description

Roof shingles replaced with corrugated iron

Type

Modification

Description

Lean-to on south wall demolished

Start Year

1966

Finish Year

1969

Type

Modification

Description

1966-1969 Restoration of cottage (which had been used as a shearing shed, playhouse and fowl house), and conversion to a period museum.

Start Year

1966

Finish Year

1969

Type

Modification

Description

Lean-to on south wall rebuilt, wall slabs replaced, corrugated iron removed from roof and replaced with totara shingles, fireplace rebuilt, linoleum laid, viewing-bays and wallpaper installed

Start Year

1981

Type

Other

Description

Chimney rebuilt after collapsing

Construction Materials

Pit sawn local timber for framing, sarking and roof shingles Local Totara slabs for exterior cladding

Notable Features

Pit sawn timber frame and split Totara slab sheathing.

Reference

Historical and Associated Iwi / Hapū / Whānau

Completion Date

5th June 2008

Report Written By

Blyss Wagstaff and Steve Bagley

Information Sources

Alexander Turnbull Library

Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington

Leov, 1970

L C F Leov, As the Years Went By Between Greville and the Rai. Blenheim: Express Printing Works, 1970

Neal, nd

Pearl Neal. From London to Lonely Rai, Nelson: RW Stiles and Co Ltd, undated.

New Zealand Historic Places Trust (NZHPT)

New Zealand Historic Places Trust

North Otago Times

North Otago Times

Philipson, 1995

G A Philipson, The Northern South Island, Wellington: Waitangi Tribunal, 1995

Salmond, 1986

Jeremy Salmond, Old New Zealand Houses 1800-1940, Auckland, 1986, Reed Methuen

Conservation Plan

Conservation Plan

Other Information

This place was identified as significant under previous legislation with different information requirements. It remains significant under the current legislation. There is opportunity under our legislation and policies to add to this information. Further information about this place may be available from the Central Regional Office of Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga. A fully referenced registration report is available from the NZHPT Central Region office Please note that entry on the New Zealand Heritage List/Rarangi Korero identifies only the heritage values of the property concerned, and should not be construed as advice on the state of the property, or as a comment of its soundness or safety, including in regard to earthquake risk, safety in the event of fire, or insanitary conditions.

Historical and Associated Iwi / Hapū / Whānau

Completion Date

5th June 2008

Report Written By

Blyss Wagstaff and Steve Bagley

Information Sources

Alexander Turnbull Library

Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington

Leov, 1970

L C F Leov, As the Years Went By Between Greville and the Rai. Blenheim: Express Printing Works, 1970

Neal, nd

Pearl Neal. From London to Lonely Rai, Nelson: RW Stiles and Co Ltd, undated.

New Zealand Historic Places Trust (NZHPT)

New Zealand Historic Places Trust

North Otago Times

North Otago Times

Philipson, 1995

G A Philipson, The Northern South Island, Wellington: Waitangi Tribunal, 1995

Salmond, 1986

Jeremy Salmond, Old New Zealand Houses 1800-1940, Auckland, 1986, Reed Methuen

Conservation Plan

Conservation Plan

Other Information

This place was identified as significant under previous legislation with different information requirements. It remains significant under the current legislation. There is opportunity under our legislation and policies to add to this information. Further information about this place may be available from the Central Regional Office of Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga. A fully referenced registration report is available from the NZHPT Central Region office Please note that entry on the New Zealand Heritage List/Rarangi Korero identifies only the heritage values of the property concerned, and should not be construed as advice on the state of the property, or as a comment of its soundness or safety, including in regard to earthquake risk, safety in the event of fire, or insanitary conditions.

Further Information

Current Usages

Uses: Civic Facilities

Specific Usage: Historic or recreation reserve

Uses: Civic Facilities

Specific Usage: Historic Property

Former Usages

General Usage: Accommodation

Specific Usage: House

General Usage: Agriculture

Specific Usage: Henhouse

General Usage: Agriculture

Specific Usage: Woolshed/Shearing Shed

Current Usages

Uses: Civic Facilities

Specific Usage: Historic or recreation reserve

Uses: Civic Facilities

Specific Usage: Historic Property

Former Usages

General Usage: Accommodation

Specific Usage: House

General Usage: Agriculture

Specific Usage: Henhouse

General Usage: Agriculture

Specific Usage: Woolshed/Shearing Shed

Location

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