St Aidan’s Anglican Church (Former) in Alfredton, Tararua district, was designed in 1901 by the prominent architects Frederick de Jersey Clere and John Sydney Swan. It is one of the remaining buildings from the early European settlement there. Originally named and known as Moroa, Alfredton was formed in 1868, and was part of the Small Farms Association conceived by Joseph Masters and other philanthropic members of the early settlement scheme. The Wairarapa and Tararua regions were one of the first areas in New Zealand extensively settled by Europeans for farming purposes. The area was well inured with Christianity and Anglicanism, therefore, as early as 1869 plans were afoot for the construction of a church in Alfredton. Described as a ‘scattered’ community in 1901 when the Reverend John Walker first wrote to Clere and Swan for the designs for the church, this remains true of Alfredton today. The church remains little changed from when it was first built, however there were alterations and additions to the church during its early years. The most prominent of these was the erection of the belfry and chancel as a memorial to a local member of the community in 1904. A later addition was the Stone-Wigg memorial stained glass windows. With St Aidan’s Anglican Church one of the final churches designed by the architects in their partnership, it has the hallmarks of a de Jersey Clere-Swan collaboration, and a small architectural oddity in the form of the small door cut in the porch for coffins to pass through as it was too small otherwise for them to leave the church. As part of a small farming community, St Aidan’s Anglican Church (Former) at Alfredton has been a central focus of the town for over a century, and is an important part of the history of Alfredton and its development. Its construction is significant because it shows the determination of settlers to remain permanently in an inhospitable area. It also demonstrates the spread of the Anglican faith in the Tararua region. Small rural churches such as St Aidan’s Anglican Church (Former) have significance as heritage landmarks, and the church remains one of the only historic buildings in Alfredton. The church is also a representation of the growth of population in the area surrounding Alfredton, and the desires of an early population to practice their faith in a church building as opposed to the earlier, somewhat haphazard ways in which they had done before. St Aidan’s Anglican Church (Former) also has local significance because of the commemorative elements within the church which honour families of the community. St Aidan’s church therefore has considerable potential to provide knowledge of the history of a small rural community at the turn of the twentieth century. St Aidan’s Anglican Church (Former) is a standing representation of early European settlement in an area that was never well populated.
Location
List Entry Information
Overview
Detailed List Entry
Status
Listed
List Entry Status
Historic Place Category 2
Access
Private/No Public Access
List Number
3972
Date Entered
6th June 2011
Date of Effect
6th June 2011
City/District Council
Tararua District
Region
Horizons (Manawatū-Whanganui) Region
Extent of List Entry
Extent includes the land described as Pt Moroa Block (RT WN116/204), Wellington Land District and the building known as St Aidan's Anglican Church (Former) thereon, and its fittings and fixtures and the following chattels: ceremonial trowel, font. (Refer to map in Appendix 1 of the registration report for further information).
Legal description
Pt Moroa Blk (RT WN116/204), Wellington Land District
Location Description
When travelling east from Eketahuna, follow Alfredton Road until the junction with Route 52.
Status
Listed
List Entry Status
Historic Place Category 2
Access
Private/No Public Access
List Number
3972
Date Entered
6th June 2011
Date of Effect
6th June 2011
City/District Council
Tararua District
Region
Horizons (Manawatū-Whanganui) Region
Extent of List Entry
Extent includes the land described as Pt Moroa Block (RT WN116/204), Wellington Land District and the building known as St Aidan's Anglican Church (Former) thereon, and its fittings and fixtures and the following chattels: ceremonial trowel, font. (Refer to map in Appendix 1 of the registration report for further information).
Legal description
Pt Moroa Blk (RT WN116/204), Wellington Land District
Location Description
When travelling east from Eketahuna, follow Alfredton Road until the junction with Route 52.
Cultural Significance
Spiritual Significance or Value: During its life as a church St Aidan’s Anglican Church (Former) has been the site of local weddings, funerals, confirmations and baptisms, along with being a place of weekly worship for the inhabitants of Alfredton and the surrounding area. St Aidan’s has been central to Anglican worship in Alfredton, and remains the only church in the town and area.
Historic Significance
Historical Significance or Value As one of the only historic buildings in the area, St Aidan’s Anglican Church (Former) has considerable potential to provide knowledge of the history of a small rural community at the turn of the twentieth century. The church is a representation of the growth of population in the area surrounding Alfredton, and the desires of an early population to practice their faith in a church building as opposed to the earlier, somewhat haphazard ways in which they had done before. St Aidan’s Anglican Church (Former) has local significance because of the commemorative elements within the church which honour families if the community. The church was designed to accommodate a small community, and built by a local builder. St Aidan’s church also has considerable potential to provide knowledge of the history of a small rural community at the turn of the twentieth century.
Physical Significance
Aesthetic Significance or Value: Within its pastoral setting, St Aidan’s Anglican Church (Former) has considerable aesthetic significance. It is of simple design, however many of the original features remain unchanged. The interior of the church is also aesthetically pleasing in its use of unadorned native timbers. In its simplicity the church is unostentatious and reflects the community that lived in the area at the time of its construction. It follows a simple design that was given to the prominent architects Frederick de Jersey Clere and John Sydney Swan, who are notable for their contribution to New Zealand’s standing heritage at the turn of the twentieth century. Architectural Significance or Value: With St Aidan’s one of the final churches designed by de Jersey Clere and Swan in their partnership, it has the hallmarks of a design collaboration. The belfry is clearly of Swan design as the specifications for this have been signed by the architect. There is also the oddity of the porch which could not accommodate the passage of coffins, thought to be the work of a local builder but actually as a result of plans by the architects.
Detail Of Assessed Criteria
(a) The extent to which the place reflects important or representative aspects of New Zealand history As part of a small farming community, St Aidan’s Anglican Church (Former) at Alfredton has been a central focus of the town for over a century, and is an important part of the history of Alfredton and its development. Its construction is significant because it shows the determination of settlers to remain permanently in an inhospitable area. It also demonstrates the spread of the Anglican faith in the Tararua region. As such it is a standing representation of early European settlement in an area that was never well populated. (b) The association of the place with events, persons, or ideas of importance in New Zealand history St Aidan’s church has been visited by early bishops, for example Bishop Fredric Wallis, the third Bishop of Wellington, for worship as an integral part of the Anglican faith. Cecil Kebbell, a prominent member of the church is notable for seconding a motion to allow women the right to vote in parish matters at the 1906 Synod. This vote was eventually overturned by the bishop, and women did not gain the right to vote for another 13 years. (e) The community association with, or public esteem for the place St Aidan’s church was originally requested to be a historic place by Anglican parishioners from St Cuthbert’s Anglican Church in Eketahuna. While St Aidan’s church has been deconsecrated, it remains part of the Anglican church and the Alfredton community; for example there have been baptisms held since its deconsecration in May 2010. Community esteem for the church is shown through recent newspaper articles, and the church has recently been purchased by The St Aidan's Alfredton Community Trust, who plan on restoring the church for use by the community. There is keen interest to retain the church in the town. (f) The potential of the place for public education Small rural churches such as St Aidan's have significance as heritage landmarks within the area. As one of the only historic buildings in the area, St Aidan’s church has considerable potential to provide knowledge of the history of a small rural community at the turn of the twentieth century. (h) The symbolic or commemorative value of the place As a place of worship, this small church as many religious symbolic values. As a part of the Alfredton community it also has commemorative values through the stained glass windows, foundation stone and belfry which are all in memory of members of the church and greater community there. The font is an important part of the symbolic value of the church, as it is here that baptisms are carried out, and therefore an integral part of the religious ceremony connected with the church. Summary of Significance or Values This place was assessed against, and found to qualify under the following criteria: a, b, e, f, h. Conclusion It is considered that this place qualifies as a Category II historic place.
Construction Professional
Biography
Swan (1874-1936) practised architecture during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He formed part of the last group of architects to follow the traditional Gothic and Classical styles. He was articled to Frederick de Jersey Clere, working with Clere on many major designs such as the Wellington Rowing Club building (then known as the Naval Artillery Boat Shed, 1894) as well as smaller provincial buildings such as the Church of the Good Shepherd, Tinui. The firm was known as Clere, Fitzgerald and Richmond and was one of the most prominent architectural practices in Wellington. From 1901 to 1906 Swan was in partnership with Clere, practising on his own account from 1907. The first major design produced by Swan in this new practice was the Karori Crematorium (1907) which served to establish his architectural identity separate from Clere. During his long and varied career Swan produced a large and wide range of work, including a number of banks for the National Bank such as the head office building in Wellington (1907), educational buildings for the Wellington Technical College with William Gray Young (1922), and a number of major buildings for the Catholic Church including St Gerard's Church, Mt Victoria (1910), Sacred Heart Convent (later Erskine College), Island Bay (1909), and Wanganui Convent (1912). He was an architect of imagination as evidenced by the design of his own house 'The Moorings', Glenbervie Terrace (1905).
Name
Swan, John Sydney
Type
Architect
Biography
Clere (1856-1952) was born in Lancashire, the son of an Anglican clergyman, and was articled to Edmund Scott, an ecclesiastical architect of Brighton. He then became chief assistant to R J Withers, a London architect. Clere came to New Zealand in 1877, practising first in Feilding and then in Wanganui. He later came to Wellington and practised there for 58 years. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 1886 and held office for 50 years as one of four honorary secretaries in the Empire. In 1883 he was appointed Diocesan Architect of the Anglican Church; he designed more than 100 churches while he held this position. Clere was a pioneer in reinforced concrete construction; the outstanding example of his work with this material is the Church of St Mary of the Angels (1922), Wellington. As well as being pre-eminent in church design, Clere was responsible for many domestic and commercial buildings including Wellington's Harbour Board Offices and Bond Store (1891) and Overton in Marton. Clere was also involved in the design of large woolsheds in Hawkes Bay and Wairarapa. He was active in the formation of the New Zealand Institute of Architects and served on their council for many years. He was a member of the Wellington City Council until 1895, and from 1900 a member of the Wellington Diocesan Synod and the General Synod. He was also a member of the New Zealand Academy of Fine Arts.
Name
Clere, Frederick De Jersey
Type
Architect
Construction Details
Description
Church dedicated 30 January
Start Year
1902
Type
Other
Description
Construction begun, foundation stone laid 21 November
Start Year
1901
Type
Original Construction
Description
Belfry and chancel erected
Start Year
1904
Type
Modification
Description
Earthquake repairs
Start Year
1942
Type
Modification
Description
Communion rails donated and installed
Start Year
1963
Type
Other
Construction Materials
Concrete, corrugated iron, shingles, glass, timber
The discovery and settlement of the Wairarapa region is connected with several prominent figures of New Zealand’s history. Ancestral figures such as Hau-nui-a-nanaia, Kupe, Whatonga, Tara Ika and Toi have all been said to have connections with the region and are responsible for the naming of many of the Wairarapa’s features and places. It has been estimated that Rangitane settled in the region by about the sixteenth century. Marriage links with Rangitane saw a group of Ngati Kahungunu retreat to the Wairarapa in the subsequent century as the result of internal hapu conflict. The two groups cohabitated mostly in the south Wairarapa for a period, but then the Ngati Kahungunu newcomers negotiated several sections of land for themselves. This process was not seamless and instances of conflict continued between the two iwi over the centuries. The next significant period of change in the area was in the early nineteenth century with the progression south of Te Rauparaha and others. This ushered in an era when many different iwi, including Ngati Whatua, Ngati Awa, Ngati Toa, Ngati Raukawa, Ngati Tama, and Ngati Mutunga, made advances into the region and some Ngati Kahungunu hapu withdrew. While the Wairarapa was sparsely settled during initial Maori occupation, it has been suggested that by the time European settlement occurred large amounts of the region had already been cleared of the ‘primordial’ forest referred to by Colenso on his later incursion there. The coast, for example, had been almost entirely cleared of forest, and the density of archaeological sites on the coast reflects this. European incursion into the Wairarapa and Tararua only began after the New Zealand Company’s Port Nicholson settlement was established. Based on the reports of the exploring and surveying parties that the company sent out, the southern Wairarapa became one of the first extensive tracts of land to be occupied by Europeans, although the Crown titles, negotiated by Donald McLean, were not obtained until 1853. However, it took substantially longer for settlement to progress beyond Masterton, which was linked to Wellington by road in 1859. Further increase was slow because the northern Wairarapa was heavily forested, as opposed to the south with its relatively clear and large grass plains. In particular the forest north of Mount Bruce was dense with rimu, tawa, matai, maire, kahikatea, and rata, and was known as Forty Mile Bush, which Alfredton is a part of, which was within the larger Seventy Mile Bush that also encompassed places such as Dannevirke and Norsewood. Maori referred to this forest as Te Tapere Nui o Whatonga (The great forest of Whatonga) and an abundance of birdlife resided there amongst giant ancient trees, some of which were large enough for groups of people to shelter within their trunks. The forest acted as a significant barrier and therefore, while there was some European settlement in the northern Wairarapa before the late nineteenth century, it was not until roads were extended further, and the railway link to Wellington established, that the area was opened up for substantive settlement. In preparation for the construction of the railway the government had an active role in the foundation of several places in the Wairarapa and Tararua regions. Towns such as Mauriceville, Eketahuna, Norsewood and Dannevirke were all initially formed as bases for the railway labourers and were settled mostly by Scandinavian immigrants, made possible through Julius Vogel’s (1835-1899) 1870 Immigration and Public Works Act. Part of the preparation for the railway construction included building a road through the district which had progressed by the mid to late 1870s, as had the initial development of the settlements at Mauriceville and Eketahuna. Originally named and known as Moroa (‘Oh, a clearing!’), Alfredton was renamed in 1867 for the son of the Queen of England. Borne from lofty ideals, the town failed to thrive in the nineteenth century, with the 1889 Wellington Directory listing just seven residents both there and in Bideford. The Small Farms Association, conceived in 1853 by, among others, Joseph Masters, Charles Carter and William Allen, sought to give the workers of Wellington the opportunity to buy the land that had not been forthcoming from the New Zealand Company. The concept of the Small Farms Association was to sell blocks of 50 acres of farmland with an attached quarter acre in town. This was the practice at Alfredton. Unfortunately, according to one source, the land and soil at Alfredton meant that it was unsuitable for small farms: ‘The only quantity of flat land was in narrow valleys intersected by deep muddy creeks. Much of the terrain was too steep for the planting of crops and there was some poor, hilly clay country’. The swampiness of the surrounding area led to trouble with the roads there, with one man losing his life through being stuck in the mud. While fires in the region were commonplace during the turn of the century, in 1908 there was a devastating fire in the district surrounding Eketahuna, caused by the particularly dry summer of 1907-8. Fires began in the middle of January that could have been contained save a heavy wind that developed and fanned fires in the district. Eketahuna was not the only town to suffer, with some reports stating that the whole district was ablaze by the 21st of January. Fires continued until the end of the month. While the fire had a major impact on the built heritage of the towns in the district, it also had a major impact on their futures and economy. Timber production, which prior to this was the district’s main source of income, fell into decline and after the fire pastoral farming became the main occupation there. Similarly, there were several earthquakes felt in the region, none more so than the 1942 Wairarapa earthquake. First damaged in the June 24 1942 earthquake, Eketahuna suffered further in the 2 August aftershock, and it has been reported there was more damage during this quake than in the original. This earthquake had an effect on St Aidan’s church, and caused the sanctuary walls to lean outwards ‘spreading open the beams in the apex of the roof,’ and it has been noted by Reverend John C.E. Mutter that ‘we later drilled holes at the entry to the sanctuary and pushed a tie-rod through to pull the walls into vertical again.’ Christianity and religion in the region Christianity was certainly already well entrenched in Wairarapa by the time European settlers first settled there permanently, and the Anglican church has played a part in the life of the area since its first European settlement: ‘Col. William Wakefield and the New Zealand Company failed to secure the Wairarapa for the Canterbury, Church of England settlement, although Francis Dillon Bell had gained the confidence of the Wairarapa Maori Chiefs who were willing to sell’. Originally, however, Dillon was not successful in his attempts to purchase land because of the squatters who were already resident there. In the 1840s Christianity was being preached by teachers such as Paraone in the Wairarapa district. Paraone had been sent to the region by Archdeacon William Williams. As early as 1843, 80 people at Mataikona had erected a chapel building at the village there, with as many as 200 people attending Good Friday services. By the end of the 1850s the popularity of the church had declined with the Maori population in the region. Between 1845-9 Colenso made nine trips on foot from Hawke’s Bay to Wellington, taking an inland route through the Rimutakas, preaching and writing of his experiences on the way. The Anglican church had therefore already been established in the region by the time Alfredton was founded, and the strength of the religion continued even though the majority of the first settlers in the area were Scandinavian, and therefore most likely not Anglican themselves. Historian Irene Adcock suggests that plans were afoot for the construction of a church in Alfredton as early as 1869, with one 50 acre section in the area, and another quarter acre taken up in the town for the purposes of a church by the first vicar of the Wairarapa, Reverend W. Ronaldson. In 1871 the land was secured by the Diocesan Trustees. George and Galbraith Wratten donated the half-acre site for the church, with the majority of the building materials for the church also donated by locals. The church was not built immediately, however, and in August 1900 Reverend John Walker of St Cuthbert’s Anglican Church in Eketahuna ‘called the first meeting of parishioners to build a church at Alfredton’. St Cuthbert’s Church had been established in 1899. Prior to this the Anglican inhabitants of Alfredton had practised religion in a relatively haphazard manner, as services were held in the town hall. These services, while denominational, did not stop some villagers from attending both Presbyterian services in the morning and Anglican in the afternoon. In March 1901 Walker wrote to Frederick de Jersey Clere and John Sydney Swan, stating that the inhabitants were collecting for a church, which he hoped would not cost more than £150, as more than that amount would be difficult to raise in such a ‘scattered district.’ The specifications for the church date to April 1901. The construction of the church proceeded quickly, and after the tender for £165.13 was accepted in August 1901, Cecil Kebbell laid the foundation stone for the church on 21 November 1901. Kebbell remained an important part of the life of the church in the following years, serving as a Vicar’s warden for nineteen years. His involvement with the church continued until his death in 1938. An important figure in the life of Alfredton, Kebbell is also notable for seconding a motion in 1906 to allow women the opportunity to vote in the election of church wardens and vestrymen at the Wellington Diocesan Synod. This vote was eventually overturned by the bishop, and women did not gain the right to vote until 1919, despite protestations in the press. There is a small door in the porch west wall there as ‘after the church was built it was found that coffins could not negotiate the tight turn between nave and outer door in the porch.’ While it has been speculated that the porch was the addition of a builder, there is a letter from Wratten to the architects asking for designs for the porch dating August 1901, and a reply from the architects with plans. It has been estimated that the church could accommodate around 50 people, in keeping with the small community at Alfredton, and to the specifications of John Walker in his original letter to Clere and Swan. The original specifications also state that the window frames, sashes and sills throughout the church are heart totara. Similarly the remainder of the church is constructed from native timber including matai and rimu. Detailed specifications for the church exist in the Alexander Turnbull Library, including small details such as letters from George Burton, the builder, to the architects asking for instructions on which window clasps to use. There are features of the church which commemorate members of the Alfredton community, none more so than the stained glass windows in the sanctuary east wall. It has been reported that the Stone-Wigg family had an important role in many aspects of church life from 1939, until tragically the whole family was killed in a house fire in 1956. The three panes of the window depict St Aidan with his pastoral staff on the right, St John on the left and Jesus as the good shepherd shown in the central window. Members of the community in Alfredton remember this event and can identify where the Stone-Wigg house stood. For reasons of economy there was provision for the chancel to be added to the church at a later date. There is therefore a further long-standing commemoration of a member of the community, Reginald Marsh, in the form of both this and the belfry, which were erected in 1904. Detailed specifications for the bell cote are held at the Alexander Turnbull Library. These date to 1902, however it appears that it was not erected until 1904. The bell cote was designed by John Sydney Swan, and is similar in design to that at St Mark’s church in Kaponga, Taranaki. In reference to St Mark’s church, Maclean states that Swan ‘left his signature on the shingled bellcote steeple - shorter, and viewed from below, squatter than Clere’s.’ The communion rails were donated to the church by the Kebbell family when they left the area for Australia in 1963. St Aidan’s church has been used for all manner of church services including weddings, baptisms and confirmations since it was constructed. Bishop Fredric Wallis, the third Bishop of Wellington, took the first confirmation service at the church in April 1902. The font was not included in the original plans for the church, instead being carved by Kebbell. The font is an important part of the church, as it is here that baptisms are carried out. The time of baptism is the addition of a member to the family of the church and is therefore an integral part of the religious ceremony connected with it. The font may also be used at times of confirmation, which marks the time of a mature commitment to the church. The organ was an important part of the community surrounding the church, with the organ players remembered for their long service. The organ remains in place on the southeast wall; however this is not the original instrument, the first having been sold in 1977 and the current one purchased from the Wesleyan church. Recent newspaper articles have also been helpful in determining the level of local esteem for the place and show that St Aidan’s Church is still a central focus of the town. On 20 March 2010 the church was deconsecrated by Rt Reverend Bishop Dr. Tom Brown. This does not end the church’s connection with the Anglican faith, however, and a funeral has been carried out at the church more recently. The church remains one of the only historic buildings in Alfredton and is the only church in the area. It is currently otherwise not in use, although there are preparations for the church to be used for the Alfredton school at Christmas 2010. There is keen interest in retaining the church in the town and it has been purchased in September 2010 by The St Aidan's Alfredton Community Trust, who plan on restoring the church for use by the community.
General setting and exterior St Aidan‘s Anglican Church (Former) is surrounded to the north by pasture which means that it is visible on approach from the road. The main entrance to the church is through a small gate at the southern side of the churchyard. There are mature trees surrounding the site. There is a small concrete path leading to the church, which sits with its main entrance and one wall of the church facing to the south. From this approach the addition of the chancel is also evident. A modest church, there are no adornments currently remaining save the bell in the bell tower and the carved filial as described below. This was not always the case, and early photos of the church show that there were crosses both on the porch and also carved balustrades above the porch that have subsequently been removed. The exterior is clad in rusticated weatherboards, and the roofing is corrugated iron. The bell tower is a squared structure and adjunct to the nave at the western end of the church. It is clad in corrugated iron at the base and the upper spire in heart totara shingles. There is a four armed wrought iron finial topping the bell cote. The bell tower was a later addition to the church as outlined below. Below the bell tower is a small porch, and to the north of this is the foundation stone, commemorating the date and Cecil Kebbell as the person who laid it. Interior The entry to the church is from the north porch. This small porch/narthex has an additional small door cut in the western wall. There are wrought iron handles, latches and hinges on the door to the entry to the porch and on the entrance to the church. There is one lancet window in the porch. It appears that the door to the church has been rehung, with the original keyhole and door handle position evident on the interior of the door. The church is approximately 9.5 metres long overall including the nave and chancel, and is approximately 5.2 metres wide. It currently contains 12 pews which were included in the original specifications for the church. It has a small vestry (about 2 metres x 2 metres). There are three lancet windows in each of the long north and south walls, and these are filled with opaque glass. The interior of the church is painted white and the floors are bare save a carpet runner down the centre of the church and carpet on the floor of the chancel. The floors are heart rimu, as is all visible interior dressed work. The nave is supported by two exposed timber beams. The tie rod used to pull the walls together is visible above the chancel. The Stone-Wigg memorial stained glass window is a prominent part of the eastern wall of the church. The triptych depicts St Aidan on the right, Jesus as the good shepherd in the centre and St John on the left. There is a bronze memorial plaque to Reginald Marsh on the southeast wall of the church, commemorating him and the date that the chancel and belfry were erected in his honour. Immediately next to the vestry door opening, the ceremonial trowel used by Cecil Kebbell to lay the foundation stone is attached to the wall. At the northern end of the church there is a large decoratively carved octagonal font which was carved by Kebbell. The font sits on a raised octagonal platform and is surrounded by a banister on seven sides. Four of the long panels of the font are carved with raised grape and leaf design, while the four corner panels are carved with a quatrefoil motif. It is lined with metal, and had a large shell with it which was used for baptisms. This shell has been lost or loaned to another church.
Completion Date
11th November 2010
Report Written By
Katharine Cox
Information Sources
Bagnall, 1976
A. G. Bagnall, Wairarapa; An Historical Excursion, Trentham, 1976
Cyclopedia of New Zealand, 1908
Cyclopedia Company, Industrial, descriptive, historical, biographical facts, figures, illustrations, Wellington, N.Z, 1897-1908, Vol. 6, Taranaki, Hawke's Bay, Wellington, 1908
Maclean, 2003
S. Mclean, Architect of the Angels; the churches of Frederick de Jersey Clere, Wellington, 2003
McLintock, 1966
An Encyclopedia of New Zealand, Government Printer, Wellington, 1966
Burr, 1995
V.A Burr, Mosquitoes and Sawdust: A history of Scandinavians in early Palmerston North and surrounding districts, Palmerston North, 1995
Adcock, 1973
I., Adcock, A Goodly Heritage: Eketahuna and districts 100 years, 1873-1973, Eketahuna, 1973
McFadgen, 2003
B, McFadgen, Archaeology of the Wellington Conservancy: Wairarapa. A study in Tectonic Archaeology. Department of Conservation, Wellington, 2003
Grant, 1995
Grant, I.F., North of the Waingawa: The Masterton Borough and County Councils, 1877-1989, Masterton, 1995
Stilborne, 2001
Stilborne, P., Within the history of the Parish of Tinui is the Souvenir Story of the Church of the Good Shepherd 1902-2001, Tinui, 2001
Best, 2001
P. Best, Eketahuna: Stories from small town New Zealand, Publishing Press Ltd, Auckland. 2001
Edmonds, 1987
J. Edmonds; Alfredton: the School and the People, Alfredton School Centennial Committee, Alfredton, 1987
Report Written By
A fully referenced registration report is available from the NZHPT Central Region office Please note that entry on the New Zealand Heritage List/Rarangi Korero identifies only the heritage values of the property concerned, and should not be construed as advice on the state of the property, or as a comment of its soundness or safety, including in regard to earthquake risk, safety in the event of fire, or insanitary conditions.
Current Usages
Uses: Vacant
Specific Usage: Vacant
Former Usages
General Usage:: Religion
Specific Usage: Church