Early History of Christchurch
Christchurch and the wider area have a long history of Māori occupation. The vast network of wetlands and plains of Kā Pakihi Whakatekateka o Waitaha (Canterbury Plains) is inherently important to the history of its early occupation. The area was rich in food from the forest and waterways. Major awa (river) such as the Rakahuri (Ashley), Waimakariri, Pūharakekenui (Styx) and Rakaia were supplied from the mountain fed aquifers of Kā Tiritiri o te Moana (Southern Alps). Other spring-fed waterways such as the Ōtakaro (Avon) meandered throughout the landscape. The rivers teamed with tuna, kōkopu, kanakana and inaka; the wetlands were a good supply of wading birds and fibres for weaving, food and medicine; with the forest supplying kererū, kokopa, tui and other fauna as well as building materials. Ara tawhito (travelling routes) crossed over the landscape providing annual and seasonal pathways up and down and across the plains and in some cases skirting or traversing the swamps. Permanent pā sites and temporary kāinga were located within and around the Plains as Ngāi Tahu established and used the mahinga kai sites where they gathered and utilised natural resources from the network of springs, waterways, wetlands, grasslands and lowland podocarp forests that abounded along the rivers and estuaries.
Most of the Canterbury region was purchased from Ngāi Tahu by the Crown in 1848. The Canterbury Association oversaw the systematic European settlement of Canterbury and surveyed the town of Christchurch and rural sections outside of the town boundary.
Colonial commercial development in central Christchurch
One of the early colonial settlers was John Shand, son of a Liverpool cotton broker and merchant. Shand arrived in Canterbury in 1850 and took up 100 acres of land in Riccarton and four town sections in Hereford Street between Colombo Street and the Avon River. In 1859 Shand had leased his town sections to William Sefton Moorhouse, who was then Superintendent of Canterbury Province. Moorhouse in turn leased part of one of these sections to Harry Bell Johnstone, a solicitor, in August 1860. As part of the lease agreement, Johnstone was to erect a house. However, it appears that he erected an office building (Shand’s) instead. Johnstone’s business partner, William H Wynn Williams, leased the remainder of the section in November 1860. At the time of the lease agreement between Moorhouse and Wynn Williams, the plan of the land shows an office building on the part leased by Johnstone. This seems to confirm that the building now known as Shand’s was erected in the second half of 1860. Shand’s is therefore the oldest extant timber commercial building within the Christchurch CBD.
It is likely that the plans for Shand’s would have been drawn up by the building contractor, rather than an architect. The original roofing was of shingles imported from Tasmania and bricks used in chimney construction may also have come from Australia or from Britain as ship’s ballast. The building had five offices – two downstairs and three upstairs, each lit by a large central rectangular window. The four larger offices on the eastern side had kauri fireplaces and cast-iron fire surrounds. On the western side of the ground floor was a narrow hall containing a staircase. A brick lean-to at the rear of the building contained a large safe.
The original occupier, lawyer Harry Johnstone, was an early colonial settler. In 1866 he was elected to the Riccarton seat in the Canterbury Provincial Council and for a time was Provincial Solicitor. Following the demolition of the adjacent Olympia building in March 2011 a door was exposed on the former western elevation of Shand’s which bore the name, ‘H Johnstone’. Also associated with the building was William H Wynn Williams, who by late 1860 had joined Johnstone in partnership in his new Hereford Street offices. In 1864 the partnership dissolved and Wynn Williams took over the business outright. A well-known Christchurch identity, Wynn Williams was deeply involved in local politics and, like Johnstone, was elected to the Provincial Council in 1866 and was Provincial Solicitor (1868). Between 1881 and 1884 he was the Member of Parliament for Heathcote. The owner of the land, John Shand, too was active in local politics and had represented the Avon seat on the Provincial Council – he died in Christchurch in 1874, but his name has long lived on through the small timber commercial building built on his land in 1860.
In its Hereford Street location, the Shand’s building underwent some modifications over the years to suit the commercial occupants but the layout of the rooms remained the same. A notable change, seemingly after watchmaker and jeweller Arnold Whitworth leased the front ground floor office in 1933, was the replacement of a four-paned ground floor window with a large single plate-glass one. The original pair of six-pane windows on the first floor was also replaced. Also in 1933, a landing was built to link with Olympia building next door to the west and two extra rooms and extra stairs were part of this addition. At some point a corrugated iron roof was placed over the original shingles.
The Gough family, through its various private companies owned the building for more than 60 years. In 1977 the building was restored and converted into a complex of small shops, and at this time it was renamed Shand’s Emporium.
In the late 1970s, the New Zealand Post Office proposed to build a new telephone exchange in Hereford Street, a proposal that would have seen Shand’s demolished. However, many people signed a petition requesting that the building be protected, and in 1981 the government designation over the land was lifted.
Canterbury Earthquakes
From 4 September 2010 and the years following, Canterbury suffered a series of major earthquakes. They caused considerable destruction and many historic buildings have been lost as a result. The Christchurch CBD particularly suffered damage and in the years immediately following the quakes, with the exception of the Shand’s building, the entire south side block of Hereford Street, between Colombo Street and Oxford Terrace was demolished.
In order to commence large-scale redevelopment while still allowing for an opportunity for permanent relocation elsewhere, by early 2014 the then owners of the land at 88 Hereford Street secured the building and allowed for it to be temporarily shifted it to an empty lot at 95 Cashel Street. Then in 2015 it was shifted to a by-then vacant land parcel at 211-215 Manchester Street and kept there temporarily until a foundation could be prepared for it to be again lifted and shifted to its final resting place, at neighbouring 217 Manchester Street, adjacent to the former Trinity Congregational Church, in late 2016.
On its new site, Strand’s was stripped so that the walls and floor could be repaired, and any alterations that detracted from the original character of the building were removed. A two-storeyed annex featuring a commercial kitchen, toilets and office space was constructed, connecting it with the adjoining Trinity Congregational Church (Former) which has been strengthened and, as at late-2018, continues to undergo restoration and repair to enable future reuse.