Seatoun Tunnel

Ferry Street and Broadway, Seatoun, WELLINGTON

Historic Place Category 2

List No. 3650

Quick links:
The Seatoun Tunnel was built in 1906-1907 by the Miramar Borough Council between the Wellington suburbs of Seatoun and Strathmore. Its construction was a crucial step in the opening up of the Seatoun area to suburban development. The tunnel has remained the suburb’s main access point and so has been a significant piece of the city’s transport infrastructure for over a century. It is also historically significant as a remnant of Wellington’s tram system, and the now-defunct Miramar Borough Council. It is one of three tunnels built around the same time providing access to the hilly districts of Wellington. The tunnel has minimal ornamentation except raised voussoir decorations (traditionally made of stone blocks, but in this case created in concrete) with the date ‘AD 1906’ on both portal ends. The brick lining of the tunnel can still be clearly seen.

In 1904 Wellington City Council began the process of building its first electric tramway, replacing its existing horse and steam trams. The Miramar Borough Council, which governed the Miramar peninsula at the time, followed suit, building its own tramway to meet the City Council’s routes and take trams into Seatoun and Miramar. The Borough Council took out a controversial large loan to construct the tramway, with further funds coming from Miramar land syndicates, which stood to make money from the sale of house sections on the peninsula.

The Seatoun tunnel was begun in 1906 and opened in 1907. Work was slow due to the hard rock and the death of two lead contractors. To open the tunnel, the first tramcar to Seatoun travelled up what is now Broadway in Strathmore and broke through a ribbon stretched across the tunnel mouth. The tunnel measured 144m (470 feet) long, and 8.2m (27 feet) wide. At the time it opened it was said to be ‘the widest tunnel in Australasia’.

The Borough Council kept their tramway within its own management, even though it was an expensive asset for the small council. Having two councils running the system meant travellers had to buy separate tickets for the same trip, a source of constant complaints. However, the tramway was the making of the peninsula, allowing much greater urbanisation of the suburbs. Miramar Borough Council amalgamated with the Wellington City Council in February 1921, and the ownership of the tram infrastructure, including the tunnel, was transferred to Wellington’s council. Little remains of the Miramar Borough Council’s tram system; this tunnel and a bus shelter in Miramar being the notable exceptions. Trams travelled to the eastern suburbs until 1957-58, when the construction of the Wellington airport required the destruction of the tramlines; the tracks were removed from the tunnel and overhead trolley-bus lines installed instead. The tunnel has since been used by buses, cars and pedestrians; although it originally had footpaths on either side, it now has only one. In the 2010s assessments found some structural elements of the tunnel could be seismically vulnerable and remedial work is planned at the time of writing (2019).
Seatoun Tunnel, Wellington | Anna Renton-Green | 05/10/2024 | Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga
Seatoun Tunnel, Wellington | Anna Renton-Green | 05/10/2024 | Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga
Seatoun Tunnel, Wellington | Anna Renton-Green | 05/10/2024 | Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga
Seatoun Tunnel, Wellington | Anna Renton-Green | 05/10/2024 | Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga

List Entry Information

Overview

Status

Listed

List Entry Status

Historic Place Category 2

Access

Able to Visit

List Number

3650

Date Entered

28th June 1984

Date of Effect

28th June 1984

City/District Council

Wellington City

Region

Wellington Region

Extent of List Entry

Extent includes the land described as Legal Road (NZ Gazette 1996 p.115), and the land described as Pt Sec 16 Watts Peninsula Dist (RT WN834/46) shown as Areas A & B on SO 37503, and part of the land described as Legal Road, Wellington Land District, and the structure known as Seatoun Tunnel within. Refer to the extent map tabled at the Rārangi Kōrero Committee meeting on 25 July 2019.

Legal description

Legal Road (NZ Gazette 1996 p.115), Pt Sec 16 Watts Peninsula Dist (RT WN834/46), Legal Road, Wellington Land District

Status

Listed

List Entry Status

Historic Place Category 2

Access

Able to Visit

List Number

3650

Date Entered

28th June 1984

Date of Effect

28th June 1984

City/District Council

Wellington City

Region

Wellington Region

Extent of List Entry

Extent includes the land described as Legal Road (NZ Gazette 1996 p.115), and the land described as Pt Sec 16 Watts Peninsula Dist (RT WN834/46) shown as Areas A & B on SO 37503, and part of the land described as Legal Road, Wellington Land District, and the structure known as Seatoun Tunnel within. Refer to the extent map tabled at the Rārangi Kōrero Committee meeting on 25 July 2019.

Legal description

Legal Road (NZ Gazette 1996 p.115), Pt Sec 16 Watts Peninsula Dist (RT WN834/46), Legal Road, Wellington Land District

Construction Information

Construction Professional

Name

Seaton and Sladden

Type

Engineer

Biography

No biography is currently available for this construction professional

Name

Saunders, J.

Type

Builder

Biography

No biography is currently available for this construction professional

Construction Details

Start Year

1935

Finish Year

1936

Type

Modification

Description

Elevated footpath above the level of the road installed

Finish Year

1958

Type

Modification

Description

Tram line to Seatoun ends; tracks removed and overhead trolley bus lines added as replacement

Finish Year

2017

Type

Modification

Description

Removal of trolley bus lines

Type

Modification

Description

Removal of one footpath

Period

Unknown

Start Year

1906

Finish Year

1907

Type

Original Construction

Construction Professional

Name

Seaton and Sladden

Type

Engineer

Biography

No biography is currently available for this construction professional

Name

Saunders, J.

Type

Builder

Biography

No biography is currently available for this construction professional

Construction Details

Start Year

1935

Finish Year

1936

Type

Modification

Description

Elevated footpath above the level of the road installed

Finish Year

1958

Type

Modification

Description

Tram line to Seatoun ends; tracks removed and overhead trolley bus lines added as replacement

Finish Year

2017

Type

Modification

Description

Removal of trolley bus lines

Type

Modification

Description

Removal of one footpath

Period

Unknown

Start Year

1906

Finish Year

1907

Type

Original Construction

Reference

Historical and Associated Iwi / Hapū / Whānau

Completion Date

18th June 2019

Report Written By

Elizabeth Cox

Information Sources

WPS Opus

O’Brien, 2001

O’Brien, Bob, Waka, Ferry, Tram: Seatoun and the Bays before 1958, Wellington: Dorset Enterprises, 2001.

Struthers, 1975

Struthers, John, Miramar Peninsula. Wellington: John Struthers, 1975

Other Information

This place was identified as significant under previous legislation with different information requirements. It remains significant under the current legislation. There is opportunity under our legislation and policies to add to this information. Further information about this place may be available from the Central Regional Office of Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga. Please note that entry on the New Zealand Heritage List/Rarangi Korero identifies only the heritage values of the property concerned, and should not be construed as advice on the state of the property, or as a comment of its soundness or safety, including in regard to earthquake risk, safety in the event of fire, or insanitary conditions. A fully referenced upgrade report is available on request from the Central Region Office of Heritage New Zealand.

Historical and Associated Iwi / Hapū / Whānau

Completion Date

18th June 2019

Report Written By

Elizabeth Cox

Information Sources

WPS Opus

O’Brien, 2001

O’Brien, Bob, Waka, Ferry, Tram: Seatoun and the Bays before 1958, Wellington: Dorset Enterprises, 2001.

Struthers, 1975

Struthers, John, Miramar Peninsula. Wellington: John Struthers, 1975

Other Information

This place was identified as significant under previous legislation with different information requirements. It remains significant under the current legislation. There is opportunity under our legislation and policies to add to this information. Further information about this place may be available from the Central Regional Office of Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga. Please note that entry on the New Zealand Heritage List/Rarangi Korero identifies only the heritage values of the property concerned, and should not be construed as advice on the state of the property, or as a comment of its soundness or safety, including in regard to earthquake risk, safety in the event of fire, or insanitary conditions. A fully referenced upgrade report is available on request from the Central Region Office of Heritage New Zealand.

Further Information

Current Usages

Uses: Transport

Specific Usage: Footpath/Path/track

Uses: Transport

Specific Usage: Road

Uses: Transport

Specific Usage: Tunnel

Former Usages

General Usage: Transport

Specific Usage: Tramway - urban

Current Usages

Uses: Transport

Specific Usage: Footpath/Path/track

Uses: Transport

Specific Usage: Road

Uses: Transport

Specific Usage: Tunnel

Former Usages

General Usage: Transport

Specific Usage: Tramway - urban

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